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During the wound healing cycle, cells respond to the electric field by directional cell migration. This phenomenon is known as electrotaxis or galvanotaxis. Many cell types are known to migrate toward the cathode when externally applied field strength is around 0.1–10 V/cm (i.e., electrotaxis) [ , , , ].
The electric fields are therefore a fundamental signal that directs cell migration in wound healing. One of the most challenging question is: How do cells sense the very weak electric signals?
After an injury, the movement of electric charges is key in beginning wound repair . The movement of electric charges leads to the generation of a naturally occurring endogenous electric field (EF) and electric current, which were discovered over 150 years ago.
Cells away from the wound keep transporting ions to maintain the TEPs (Fig. 2 C, left). Those cells keep driving the electric currents until the wound heals and the barrier restored. In a cornea wound, EFs of 42 mV/mm are measured, which are the lower limit of the endogenous EFs .
Adapted with permission from Zhao, M., Electrical fields in wound healing—an overriding signal that directs cell migration. Semin Cell Dev Biol, 2009. 20 (6): p. 674–682
Endogenous electric fields at wounds may play a major role in wound healing and regenerative processes, with possible mechanisms involving regulation of cell migration, cell differentiation, and tissue growth. Functional characterization of endogenous electric fields in mammalian development and wound healing has produced some significant insights.
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Abstract. Significance: Electric factors such as electric charges, electrodynamic field, skin battery, and interstitial exclusion permeate wound healing physiology and physiopathology from injury …
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The diagram in Fig. 3A depicts the pattern of the endogenous EFs (red arrows) and the electric current closed loop (black loop with arrows) in a skin wound. The EF intensity …
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Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature.
The endogenous wound electric fields are a vector that constantly points to the wound center (red dashed arrows), thus could guide the migrating cells into the wound. The …
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A wound battery which relates to the field of batteries. The wound battery is wound and formed by a battery piece. The battery piece is flexible, comprises a flexible current collector, a positive …
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Coils or wire wound around metal pole shoes to form the electromagnetic field inside an electric motor. ... One of two electromagnetic windings inside a solenoid; used to hold the movable …
When the battery is supplying power (discharging) to, e.g., the starter motor, the direction of the electric current is out of the positive terminal through the load and into the negative terminal.. …
We have successfully established a model that could be used for safe and stable application of exogenous EF on the wound surface in which the positive electrode is placed on …
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Here, we report a paper-like battery-free in situ AI (artificial in-telligence)–enabled multiplexed (denoted as PETAL) sensor patch for holistic wound healing …
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Significance: Electric factors such as electric charges, electrodynamic field, skin battery, and interstitial exclusion permeate wound healing physiology and physiopathology from injury to re …
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The principle of externally applied electric currents in wound tissue is intended to mimic the endogenous currents which facilitate wound healing. Medical devices are designed …
Significance: Electric factors such as electric charges, electrodynamic field, skin battery, and interstitial exclusion permeate wound healing physiology and physiopathology …
A wound provokes a transcutaneous voltage known as skin battery with alternations in the electric field during wound healing (A). Ion cells and water are transported in the VICC (B) . Positively …
The model predicts a current flow from the intact skin into the deep wound, with a return path through the wound and to the tissue layer between the dead and living epidermal …
Cell migration into the wound is an essential part of all wound healing in mammals. ... the ''skin battery'' voltages are comparable in size to those reported for guinea pig …
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